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Aging Process
Anti-Wrinkle Handbook: Top Anti-Wrinkle & Anti-Aging Secrets Revealed.
To understand Aging Process of the skin and wrinkles we have to talk about our wonderful layer of the skin, where the most of the action is-the dermis.
The Dermis:
The most profound alterations to the skin are actually happening at the dermal level. We can describe the dermis as the mattress portion of the skin, and the epidermis as the nice smooth blanket you place on top. What happens to a mattress when it's support structure starts to collapse? Of course, it develops sags and creases, and the blanket no longer lies as smoothly on it's surface. Wrinkle formation on the skin follows the same procedure, with the epidermis collapsing into the depressions of the uneven dermis.
The dermal layer or extra cellular matrix (ECM) is composed of collagen and elastin fibers and fibroblast cells embedded in a vast array of proteoglycans and other ECM components. Proteoglycans are protein cores to which are attached long chains of repeating disaccharide units. These repeating disaccharide units, called glygosaminoglycans, or GAGs for short,are composed of sugars (glucuronic or iduronic acid) and hexosamines (glucosamine or galactosamine) bound to a protein core. The abundance of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and sulfate groups makes the GAGs intensely hydrophilic (water-loving) and thus able to form porous, hydrated gels. The GAG everyone has heard about is hyaluronic acid, a major player in maintaining skin health and beauty.
Skin aging is principally associated with atrophy of the dermal connective tissue. Two related processes contribute to dermal atrophy. The first is glycation, which initiates degradation of existing collagen by cross linking associated with skin wrinkling; the second is skin dehydration due to diminished presence of hyaluronic acid and other GAGs. We need to understand about these basic process.
Glycation:
Glycation is a normal process and necessary for the correct development of the ECM. However, spontaneous (nonenzymatic) chemical reaction between proteins and sugars can result in the formation of advanced glycation end products, or AGEs. These sugar-protein products change progressively to very stable compounds, which form sticky deposits that can accumulate all over the body. They are directly implicated in a variety of ways in the accelerated aging phenomenon. In the dermis, AGEs bridge collagen fibers. In addition glycation appears to affect the aggregation of collagen monomers into fibers, thus compromising the integrity of the interwoven support structure of the epidermis.
It appears that glycayion doesn't influence just the properties of the ECM, but it affects matrix cell interactions as well. Cells grown on matrices composed of glycated proteins differ from normal cells with respect to growth, differentiation, motility, and gene expression. Changes in the ECM and ECM cellular behavior result in the formation of stiff, brittle collagen fibers accompanied by the collapse of dermal supporting structures.
Glycation Inhibition and Glyconutrients
AGEs are irreversible and accumulate as we age, especially in the case of long-lived proteins such as structual collagen. Their role in compromising protein function by contributing to protein cross-linking has consequences for us in the general aging process.
As AGEs have been implicated in such diseases as Alzheimer's, arteriosclerosis, and diabetes. Studies in the fairly recent field of glycology suggest that many of these disorders afflicting aging adults can be traced to the lack of an entire category of essential nutrients. The critical missing nutrients are called glyconutrients, and they comprise eight essential carbohydrate monosaccharides. These sugars are crutial for the proper functioning of a huge array of biological processes, from cell building to cell communication. Of the eight carbohydrates essential to proper bodily function, it appears that our modern diets, replete with processed foods, supply us with only two:glucose and galactose. The other six- mannose, fucose, xylose, n-acetyl-glucosamine, n-acetyl-neuramic acid, and n-acetyl-galactosamine-are not commonly found in the modern diet. The consequences of carbohydrate insufficiency have been associated with a vast array of diseases ranging from immune disorders to attention deficit disorder to infections.
Lose 30 In Thirty.(From Celebrity Trainer)
Dehydrated skin and Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is an important component of the ECM, because it is the major water-holding molecule to be found in the connective tissue of the body. One thousand milligrams of hyaluronic acid holds up to six liters of water in the human body. This gel-like disaccharide, composed of alternating molecules of glucosamine and glucuronic acid, is a unique GAG in that it does not contain any sulfate and is not covalently attached to any proteoglycan. This gel-like glycosamineglycans physically supports fibrilar collagen bundles in the dermis.
Hyaluronic acid depletion is one of the primary culprits in dehydrated skin. At around age thirty we start loose hyaluronic acid at the rate of 1 percent per year. It becomes depleted over time due to age related slower production rates and oxidative degradation. The production of the disaccharide HA may be stimulated in the presence of adequate amounts of the monosaccharide building blocks needed for its formation. Sufficient amounts and may also help to prevent the cross-linking of fibers.
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