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Fingernail
Constituent Parts of Nail:
Nail plate- each nail is composed of a plate of hard keratin (the same substance as is found in hair) which is continuously produced at its root.Nail folds-except for the free edge of the nail, at its furthermost end, the nail is surrounded and overlapped by folds of skin (nail folds)
Free edge-the nail separates from the underlying surface at its furthermost point to form a free edge. The extent of this nail at the free edge depends upon personal preference and wear and tear.
Root, or matrix-this lies at the base of the nail beneath the nail itself and the nail fold. This part of the nail is closest to the skin, and it is here that the hard keratin of the nail is produced by cell devision. If the root of the nail is destroyed the nail cannot grow back.
Lunula-the paler, crescent shaped area located at the base of the nail where the matrix is visible through the nail.
Cuticle (eponychium). This covers the proximal (near) end of nail and extends over the nail plate to help protect the matrix from infection by invading microorganisms.
Growth:
Fingernails grow much more quickly then toenails. A mark made over the lunula of a fingernail will take three months to rich free edge, whereas the corresponding time for a toenail may be up to two years. For a normal rate of growth, and to produce normal, pink, healthy nails, there needs to be a good blood supply to the root of the nail. Nails look pink because of the large number of blood vessels in the dermis. Nails grow at a rate of about 0.1mm a day, but when there is injury to a nail, the growth speeds up.
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